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National Practice Guide · L3

China Data Export Path Decision Tree (2026)

Pick the export path before you draft contracts. Filing the wrong mechanism is a restart, not a supplement.

5+lawyer profiles listed
Updated14 Aug 2026
AudienceForeign businesses & individuals
Author China Law List Editorial · Last reviewed · 2 min read · Editorial policy · AI content policy · Disclaimer · Not legal advice — confirm current rules with counsel and authorities

At a glance

Data Privacy & Cybersecurity: typical process stages

Four high-level stages — details and local variations are in the guide below.

  1. MapPersonal & important data flows
  2. BasisPIPL notices, consents, contracts
  3. TransferAssessment, SCC or certification
  4. OperateVendors, incidents, audits
City hubs

Local guides & lawyers

Drill into city × practice hubs where available, or open the city legal market guide.

Not legal advice. CAC pathways, volume tests and FTZ lists change. This page picks the path — it is not the SCC filing pack and not PIPL vs GDPR.

CBDT roadmap · SCC filing · Employee data · PIPL vs GDPR · Data flagship.

Direct answer

Security assessment if you hit the current CAC triggers — CII, important data, or the live volume/role test (do not memorise a 2022 headcount). China SCC filing is the usual path for many ordinary B2B and HR exports once assessment is off the table — see the filing page. Certification is a narrower recognised-body route. Exemptions and FTZ lists exist and move; they are not “we are a WFOE so we skip CAC.” GDPR SCCs still do not count. HR-only: finish the employee-data map first.

At a glance

QuestionShort answer
When assessment?CII, important data, or live volume/role test.
Default B2B?Often China SCC — after you rule out assessment.
GDPR SCC?Does not satisfy CAC.
WFOE = exempt?No.
HR only?Employee-data page, then this fork.

Scope and legal framework

PIPL outbound + CAC measures. Three mechanism families: security assessment, standard contract, and certification. Separate notices describe when assessment is mandatory and when other paths (including listed exemptions) may apply.

Triggers that move. Important-data catalogues, CII status, and volume/role thresholds are versioned. Read the CAC text in force — not a 2022 slide.

What this page is not. How to file an SCC (sister). How PIPL differs from GDPR (sister). The full data map (roadmap).

Practical workflow

  1. Inventory systems, volume, important-data flags, CII.
  2. Path memo: why not assessment (or why yes).
  3. If SCC: filing page. If assessment: CAC process, not a provincial SCC upload.

Common mistakes

  • Using last year’s headcount as the law.
  • Calling an FTZ rumour a group-wide exemption.
  • Uploading GDPR SCCs and stopping.

Action checklist

  1. Trigger table dated with the CAC notice you used.
  2. Path labelled.
  3. Owner for the matching filing.

Find China data counsel

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Sources & trust

How to use this guide

This page is general information for orientation. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney–client relationship. For methodology and AI-assisted drafting rules, see our Editorial Policy and AI Content Policy. Directory badge meaning is described in the Lawyer Verification Policy.

Prefer primary statutes, judicial interpretations, and official guidance when making decisions. Where this guide links to city hubs or lawyer listings, verify credentials and engagement terms directly with counsel. Full disclaimer · Request a consultation.

FAQ

Common questions

Quick answers for foreign nationals and employers. Rules vary by city and change over time.

If we are in an FTZ, can we skip all CAC paths?

Some zones publish negative/positive lists that narrow what needs a mechanism. They are not a nationwide free pass and they change. Read the list that applies to that entity.

Is certification easier than SCC?

It is different, and often narrower. Do not pick it because the name sounds lighter. Path memo first.

Directory

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