María Guerrero is a Peru-based lawyer practicing at Guerrero Abogados in Lima. With about 12 years of experience, María advises Chinese companies and investors on mining and natural resources trade compliance in Peru for Chinese investors.

Practice Focus

• ⚖️ Core work: mining and natural resources trade compliance in Peru for Chinese investors
• 🌍 Clients: Chinese outbound groups, trading companies, and investment vehicles
• 📍 Base: Lima, Peru
• 🗣️ Languages: Spanish, English, Mandarin Chinese

María translates local procedure into phased options that Chinese headquarters can authorize in increments.

Credentials

How Engagements Run

María opens each mining and trade compliance engagement with a comprehensive due diligence review that maps the client's project against Peru's mining concession, environmental, and trade regulatory frameworks. She examines the concession title status, verifies surface rights agreements with local communities, reviews the environmental impact assessment (EIA) approval timeline, and assesses the mineral extraction and export licensing requirements. She coordinates with the Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET) for concession registry verification and with the Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión en Energía y Minería (OSINERGMIN) for operational compliance. For trade compliance matters, María manages the mineral export documentation, customs classifications, and SENASA certification. Throughout the engagement, she delivers phased assessments that the client can use to sequence project investment, from early exploration through production and export.

Working Style

María combines regulatory technical knowledge with practical field awareness. She understands that mining law in Peru operates at the intersection of national regulation, regional government authority, and local community relations. She advises her clients with transparent risk communication — explaining the legal requirements, timelines, and potential obstacles in plain terms while identifying practical pathways to compliance. María prepares documentation in Spanish with English and Chinese summaries to accommodate multilingual project teams. She structures her work around milestone deliverables — concession verification, EIA status assessment, license application packages — that allow overseas investors to track progress and make staged funding decisions. She maintains regular communication and provides written status updates at agreed intervals.

Professional Standards

María Guerrero does not promise outcomes or guaranteed approvals. Advice is informational and strategic.

When to Engage

• 📋 Before acquiring or optioning a mining concession in Peru to verify title and regulatory status
• 🏠 When negotiating mineral off-take or export agreements under Peruvian law
• ⚖️ If the project faces environmental compliance challenges or community relations issues
• 📦 During the export logistics planning phase for concentrates and mineral products
• 🧭 When restructuring a mining holder company or transferring concession rights

Typical Client Matters in Lima

María's Lima practice is centered on the legal and regulatory framework for mining and natural resources in Peru. Her typical matters include:

• 📜 Mining concession acquisition, transfer, and due diligence — verifying title, area, and compliance status with INGEMMET
• 🏢 Environmental compliance under the General Environmental Law (Law 28611) and sector-specific mining regulations
• 🗂️ Mineral export compliance — customs classification, export license applications, and value declaration for concentrates
• 🔄 Community engagement and consultation procedures under the Prior Consultation Law (Law 29785)
• 📋 Water use licenses and easement agreements for mining operations
• 🔍 Legal due diligence for acquisition of Peruvian mining assets or equity stakes

Her clients include mineral exploration companies, mid-tier mining operators, metals trading firms, and natural resources investment funds.

Peru's Mining Regulatory Landscape

Peru is one of the world's leading mineral producers, and its legal framework reflects the importance of the sector. María guides clients through the key components:

• 🛡️ Mining Concession System: Mineral rights in Peru are granted through concessions administered by INGEMMET. Concessions grant the right to explore and exploit specified minerals within a defined area. María manages concession filings, verifications, and transfers.
• 📜 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Mining projects must obtain EIA approval from the Servicio Nacional de Certificación Ambiental para las Inversiones Sostenibles (SENACE). The EIA process includes public consultation and technical review. María coordinates the legal components of EIA preparation.
• 💼 Community Relations: Law 29785 (Prior Consultation Law) requires consultation with indigenous communities for projects affecting their lands. María advises on consultation procedures, benefit-sharing agreements, and community development commitments.
• 🏠 Tax Stability Agreements: Peru offers tax stability agreements for mining investments exceeding certain thresholds. María advises on eligibility and application procedures.
• 📋 Mineral Export Regime: Mineral exports are subject to reporting requirements and, for certain products, export duties linked to mineral prices. María manages export compliance and customs procedures.

Supply Chain and Trade Compliance

• 📦 Export Documentation: Commercial invoices, certificates of origin (including Peru-China FTA preferences), phytosanitary certificates, and customs declarations
• ⚖️ Mineral Concentrate Quality: Compliance with international standards for concentrate composition, moisture content, and contaminants
• 🛡️ Due Diligence: OECD-aligned supply chain due diligence for conflict minerals and responsible sourcing requirements
• 📋 Port and Logistics: Coordination with SUNAT (customs) for mineral shipments through Callao, Matarani, and other ports

Industry Sectors Served

• 🥇 Precious Metals: Gold and silver mining — exploration, development, and production stage investments
• 🧱 Base Metals: Copper, zinc, lead, and molybdenum — Peru's core mineral export categories
• 🔋 Strategic Minerals: Lithium, rare earths, and battery metals in emerging Peruvian projects
• 🌾 Agro-Industrial Commodities: Agricultural trade compliance for Peruvian exports including quinoa, coffee, and asparagus