General information only. China+1 structuring, rules of origin, forced-labour import bans, and sanctions screening are fact- and product-specific. This is not legal advice and does not create an attorney–client relationship. Coordinate trade, customs, employment, and corporate counsel in each jurisdiction before you move tooling or claim a new origin.
China+1 supply chain cluster: Hub · Strategy checklist · VN / MX / IN compare · UFLPA audit · Origin / customs risk · Mexico · USMCA · Sanctions hub · Primary sources · Checklist
Orientation matrix (not a ranking)
| Theme | Vietnam | Mexico | India |
|---|---|---|---|
| USMCA-style North America access | No | Core use case if origin met | No |
| China supply-chain adjacency | High (inputs risk) | Medium/high logistics | Varies by sector |
| Labour / industrial relations | Managed but formalising | USMCA labour chapter sensitivity | State variation high |
| FDI process friction | Sector-dependent | Sector-dependent | Often higher documentation load |
| Deep links on this site | CN vs VN | MX · USMCA | Local counsel + sector rules |
How to use the matrix
Score your product’s destination market first (USMCA auto parts ≠ EU retail apparel). Then stress-test origin with realistic Chinese content percentages.
Legal basis & authorities
- USMCA
- Host-country FDI and labour frameworks
- Destination customs origin rules
Verify with primary sources and current regulator practice.
Planning a China+1 move?
Browse Trade & Customs · Export control hub · or Ask a Lawyer with HS codes, bill of materials, and target market.