Outbound decision cluster: Hub · ODI FAQ · Singapore vs Hong Kong · Singapore 13O / 13U · EOR vs subsidiary · Mexico · USMCA · Personal FX · SCC data export · WFOE profit remittance · SDN 50% rule · Primary sources
How to use this page
Prefer primary instruments and official portals over secondary blogs. This list supports the outbound decision cluster. Always confirm the version in force for your facts and tax year.
China outbound investment & foreign exchange
- NDRC — Measures for the Administration of Overseas Investment of Enterprises (NDRC Order No. 11, as amended) and implementing notices: project filing vs approval, sensitive industries/regions.
- MOFCOM — enterprise outbound investment administrative measures and online filing systems (certificate / reporting outcomes banks re-read later).
- SAFE — foreign-exchange registration and bank authenticity rules for ODI remittance, reinvestment, and return of proceeds.
- SAFE Circular 37 — Hui Fa [2014] No. 37 (and subsequent practice): domestic residents’ overseas investment/financing and round-trip investment through special purpose companies. Distinct from enterprise ODI—see Circular 37 guide.
Cluster FAQ: ODI timeline, shell companies, remediation. Full map: ODI roadmap.
Data export (China) & privacy interfaces
- Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL); Data Security Law; Cybersecurity Law.
- Cross-border personal information mechanisms: security assessment, standard contract (SCC) filing, and personal information protection certification—as administered under CAC rules and circulars current for your filing date.
- GDPR and other host privacy laws remain separate compliance lanes for EU/UK and other markets.
See data transfer roadmap and SCC filing timeline & cost themes.
Sanctions & export controls
- US — Export Administration Regulations (EAR); Entity List / Unverified List (BIS); OFAC SDN and related sanctions programs; 50% ownership guidance themes for blocked persons.
- EU — restrictive measures (sanctions) regulations; dual-use Regulation (EU) 2021/821; ownership/control tests as applied in guidance and practice.
- PRC — export control law and dual-use / technology control catalogues; unreliable entity and blocking-statute themes as applicable.
Cluster: SDN 50% ownership screening. Tracker: Export control tracker.
Trade defence, origin & nearshoring
- EU anti-dumping and anti-subsidy basic regulations and Commission practice (sampling, questionnaires, injury).
- USMCA (CUSMA/T-MEC) rules of origin and product-specific rules—confirm HS chapter annexes for your goods.
- Customs valuation and related-party pricing interfaces with transfer-pricing documentation.
See Mexico manufacturing & USMCA origin; EU AD/CVD handbook.
Holding, tax incentives & employment
- Singapore company law and IRAS published guidance on tax incentives (including schemes commonly discussed as 13O / 13U—confirm current names, eligibility, and substance requirements with Singapore counsel).
- Hong Kong Inland Revenue Ordinance and FSIE / economic substance themes as applicable.
- Host-country employment, social security totalisation treaties, and EOR licensing rules—jurisdiction-specific.
Singapore vs Hong Kong holding · 13O / 13U themes · EOR vs subsidiary.
Inbound China (WFOE remittance)
- PRC Company Law (2023 revision) capital contribution themes; foreign investment law and negative list.
- Enterprise income tax, withholding on dividends to non-residents, and bank/SAFE documentation for outward remittance of profits.
Personal FX & tax transparency
- SAFE individual foreign-exchange administration practice (including annual convenience quota themes—confirm operative circulars and bank manuals).
- CRS / AEOI common reporting standards; PRC Individual Income Tax Law residence rules.
Next steps
Use this page to frame questions for counsel—not as a self-filing kit. Thresholds and bank practice change.
Attribution
Reviewed by Peter Ye, Beijing (outbound investment counsel). Focuses on Chinese enterprise ODI filings, NDRC/MOFCOM/SAFE coordination, cross-border financing and overseas fundraising compliance. View directory profile →
Review tier: Reviewed by — accuracy review of drafts for orientation only. Content remains general information — not legal advice for a specific matter, and no attorney–client relationship is created by reading these pages.
Last reviewed: August 2026 · Related: Primary sources · Outbound decision hub.